Angular is a popular framework for creating front ends for web and mobile applications. It all started with AngularJS 1.x and then AngularJS 2, and now it's finally Angular, with the latest updates and bug fixes being worked on by the Angular team.
Components are an important part of an Angular web application. In this tutorial, you'll see how to get started with creating a web application using Angular, and you'll also get to know components.
Get started by installing Angular CLI using the node package manager (npm).
npm install -g @angular/cli
Once you have the Angular CLI installed, create a new Angular app using the CLI.
ng new angular-app
Navigate to the application folder and start the server.
cd angular-app ng serve
Point your browser to http://localhost:4200/ and you should have the default app running.
Navigate to the angular-app
project folder and have a look at the project structure. Here is how it looks:
Every Angular app has a root module where you define the main component to load. In the default Angular app, the root module is defined inside the app.module.ts
. When the AppModule
loads, it checks which component is bootstrapped and loads that module. As seen in the app.module.ts
, the module which is bootstrapped is AppComponent
. The AppComponent
component is defined in the file app.component.ts
.
A component is defined using the @Component
decorator. Inside the @Component
decorator, you can define the component selector
, the component template
, and the related style
.
Components are like the basic building block in an Angular application. Components are defined using the @component
decorator. A component has a selector
, template
, style
and other properties, using which it specifies the metadata required to process the component.
From the official docs:
Components are the most basic building block of an UI in an Angular application. An Angular application is a tree of Angular components. Angular components are a subset of directives. Unlike directives, components always have a template and only one component can be instantiated per an element in a template.
The best way to understand something related to programming is by actually doing. So let's start by creating an Angular component for adding two numbers. Let's call it CalculatorComponent
.
Let's start by creating a component for our calculator. Inside the src/app
folder, create a folder called calc
. This is where our calc
component will reside. Inside the calc
folder, create a file called calc.component.html
. This will be the template for our calculator component. Here is how it looks:
<h1> Calculator component </h1>
Create a file called calc.component.ts
. This is where you'll define the calc
component and specify the related metadata. You'll be defining the component using the @component
decorator. To define the component, you need to import the component
module from angular core.
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
Define the component by specifying the template
, style
, and selector
. You'll also define a class
to manage the template specified by the @component
decorator. Here is how it looks:
import { Component } from '@angular/core'; @Component({ selector: 'calc', templateUrl: 'calc.component.html', styleUrls: ['calc.component.css'] }) export class CalcComponent { }
All styles related to the component template should be defined inside the file specified in the component decorator. So create a file called calc.component.css
inside the calc
folder. You'll put the style for the calculator component inside this file.
Now that you have your component ready, let's define the component inside the root module app.module.ts
.
First import the component inside the app.module.ts file
and then include it in the declarations
section. Here is how it looks after adding the CalcComponent
:
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component'; import { CalcComponent } from './calc/calc.component' @NgModule({ declarations: [ AppComponent, CalcComponent ], imports: [ BrowserModule ], providers: [], bootstrap: [AppComponent] }) export class AppModule { }
As you can see in the root module app.module.ts
, the AppComponent
is the bootstrapped module and hence it will render by default. So, to view our calculator component, define it inside the app.component.html
. Here is how the app.component.html
file looks:
<div style="text-align:center"> <calc></calc> </div>
Save the above changes and start the server. You should be able to see the HTML content of the calculator component displayed.
Let's start by adding a template for our Angular calculator. Add the following code to the calc.component.html
file:
<div class="container"> <div class="header"> <h2> Calculator component </h2> </div> <div class="grid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6"> <div class="operation"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <input type="number" name="" placeholder="number"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <input type="number" name="" placeholder="number"> </div> </div> <div> <div class="col-12"> <button class="button"> Add </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <div class="result"> <span> Result </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Add the following style to the calc.component.css
file.
.grid{ width: 100% } .row{ width: 100%; display: flex; } .col-1 { width: 8.33%; } .col-2 { width: 16.66%; } .col-3 { width: 25%; } .col-4 { width: 33.33%; } .col-5 { width: 41.66%; } .col-6 { width: 50%; } .col-7 { width: 58.33%; } .col-8 { width: 66.66%; } .col-9 { width: 75%; } .col-10 { width: 83.33%; } .col-11 { width: 91.66%; } .col-12 { width: 100%; } .header{ width: 100%; background-color: #003A60; height: 100px; } .header h2{ line-height: 100px; color: #fff; } .button { background-color: #4CAF50; /* Green */ border: none; color: white; padding: 15px 32px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; margin: 4px 2px; cursor: pointer; } input{ border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; width: 80%; margin: 0% 10%; padding: 5%; } .result{ background-color: #ddffff; width: 80%; margin: 20px 10px 10px 10px; height: 100px; border-left: 3px solid #2196F3; } .result span{ line-height: 100px; }
Save the above changes and you should be able to view the following user interface.
Let's add the ngModel
directive to the above displayed input text boxes. Modify the calc.component.html
code as shown below:
<div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <input [(ngModel)]="number1" type="number" name="" placeholder="number"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <input [(ngModel)]="number2" type="number" name="" placeholder="number"> </div> </div>
As seen above, you have set the ngModel
for the input text boxes to the variables number1
and number2
.
Let's define the variables inside the CalcComponent
in the calc.component.ts
file.
export class CalcComponent { public number1 : number; public number2 : number; }
Now, when the user types into the text boxes, the corresponding ngModel
variable gets updated. You can check by displaying the variable in the component's template file.
<div class="result"> <span> Number 1 : {{number1}} Number 2 : {{number2}} </span> </div>
Save the changes and enter values inside the input boxes, and you should have the data updated inside the span.
Let's add a button click to the Add
button which will calculate the sum of the number1
and number2
when clicked on the button.
Modify the HTML code as shown to include the click directive.
<button (click)="add()" class="button"> Add </button>
Define the add
function inside the CalcComponent
as shown:
import { Component } from '@angular/core'; @Component({ selector: 'calc', templateUrl: 'calc.component.html', styleUrls: ['calc.component.css'] }) export class CalcComponent { public number1 : number; public number2 : number; public result : number; public add(){ this.result = this.number1 + this.number2 } }
As seen in the above code, the result of the addition is being placed in a variable called result
.
Let's modify the HTML template to display the result once the variable is set.
<div class="result"> <span> Result : {{result}} </span> </div>
Save the above changes and try to add two numbers by clicking on the Add button. You will have the result displayed in the user interface.
In this tutorial, you saw how to get started with creating a web app using Angular 4. You learnt about Angular components and how to create one. You created a simple Angular component to add two numbers.
Source code from this tutorial is available on GitHub. If you’re looking for additional resources to study or to use in your work, check out what we have available on Envato Market.
Do let us know your thoughts, suggestions or any corrections in the comments below.
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waly Good blog post. I absolutely love this…